And encourage the individual to take an interest and contribute towards their support. Discrimination Act, Equality Act, Human Rights Act, Health and Social Care Act (Regulated activities) and the Essential Standards, Codes of Practice for Social Care Workers. Group advocacy is when several people with similar issues unite to represent one another and work towards a common goal and speak out collectively. Empowerment means helping an individual to become more independent and have more control over their lives, especially the support they receive. This includes individuals that are disadvantaged by disability. The first Camphill Community was formed in 1940, which took in children with disabilities and provided education to them including skills like basket weaving and baking. The media with its wide-reaching audience also has a part to play in promoting positive attitudes towards people with learning disabilities. Persons with ID in supported independent living tend to experience more social inclusion, possibly through the combination of the increased opportunities for social inclusion … The Social Care Institute for Excellence also contributes by co-producing, sharing and supporting best knowledge and evidence of working practice. Then, in 1944, the Disabled Persons (Employment) Act stated that employers with 20 or more staff must have 3% of them as registered disabled. In fact, the primary reason for people being moved to institutions was because they were thought to be unable to contribute to society in a meaningful way. Promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities is a key goal of the National Disability Authority and achieving this requires an array of social policies and programmes working coherently to respond to and support the person experiencing disability across their lifespan. There are a number of pieces of legislation and policies that have been designed for people with learning disabilities to promote: Firstly, the Equality Act 2010 protects individuals from discrimination, harassment and victimisation in society and supersedes previous anti-discrimination such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and Race Relations Act 1976. The Human Rights Act 1998 and Equality Act 2010 reinforced this. An important part of effective communication is ensuring that an individual has understood what you have said to them. It usually results from positive action taken to change the circumstances and habits that lead, or have led, to social exclusion. Early institutional life often meant that men and women with learning disabilities were segregated and did not have the opportunity to form intimate relationships with one another. 1. 3.5Describe ways of using a person centred approach to enable older people to make positive contributions to their community The … unwelcome in a place. Building awareness is a first step towards real change. It means that support staff must assume that individuals have the capacity to make all their decisions unless it can be proven to the contrary. Pay attention to temperature, lighting seating etc. It wasn’t until the Human Rights Act 1998 that individuals with learning disability had legislation to turn to, particularly article 8 which grants everyone the right to respect for private and family life – this is a broad term which includes the right to your sexuality, your body and forming and maintaining relationships. If you do not comply with policies, you may leave yourself open to disciplinary action or even litigation (as many policies are written to ensure that workers comply with the law). Ability-appropriate language means adapting your words and sentences in accordance with an individual’s communication skills. Popular opinions were that people with learning disabilities did not have the desire to engage in sexual relationships or were perverse or were innocent and vulnerable and could not consent. This means they can have difficulty understanding new or complex information, learning new skills and/or coping independently. Statutory advocacy pertains to individuals that have the legal right to an advocate and one will often be appointed to represent them. For example, imagine a person with a learning disability is unable to read but is a member of a book club that regularly meets to discuss the books that they have read – the individual is able to participate because they listen to audio books. This means that individuals with learning disabilities and their families have a lot more control over the care and support that they receive. Neglecting to do so can lead to criminal prosecution, as can subjecting an individual to abuse, which will be treated as a hate crime. al., 2010, p. 169–170). The Mental Health Act 2007 and Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice helps to ensure that choices are not taken away from individuals with learning disabilities by the people that support them. Examples include pointing, waving and giving the ‘thumbs-up’, Makaton – some individuals use Makaton sign language to communicate which is a set of universally-understood gestures, Leading – an individual may try to make themselves understood by leading you somewhere to show you something. Social inclusion, the converse of social exclusion, is affirmative action to change the circumstances and habits that lead to (or have led to) social exclusion. Age-appropriate language means using words that are suitable for a particular age group. This includes (amongst others) the right to life, the right to a fair trial and the freedom from slavery and forced labour. As a health and social care worker, it is our responsibility to remove as many of these barriers as possible and encourage active participation and social inclusion. Even mothers with illegitimate children (and children born within the institution’s walls) had no choice but to spend their lives institutionalised. A learning disability occurs when the brain is still developing, either before birth (prenatally), during birth or during early childhood. Explain the consequences of social exclusion for: >Individuals – >Communities – 4. They have a right to choose what they eat and when, how they dress and when. This may be because the individual is unable to express their views or feels that their voice is not being heard. At a particular meeting it is decided by the group that the next book that they will all read is a new release. For me as a trainer, I need to challenge any abuse and explain why it is wrong. Social inclusion is defined by the Charity Commission as: Social inclusion is often used to describe the opposite effect to social exclusion. It was only when people began to move out of institutions and into communities that the chance to learn vocational skills and find employment became possible. Sometimes you may even find that individuals appear to listen intently and nod whilst you are talking but have no clue what you are talking about (I am guilty of this myself, very regularly!). Whilst it can be useful at times, there could be conflicts of interest so self advocacy or independent advocacy are always preferred. And the British Institute of Learning Disabilities do not give an exact proportion but do say: … for many who are diagnosed with having a general learning disability, the cause remains unknown. During verbal communication with individuals with learning disabilities there are several things you may need to consider: Not all communication is verbal and some individuals with learning disabilities can only communicate via non-verbal means. Take a few minutes to reflect on what you believe about people with learning disabilities and inclusion. For individuals with learning disabilities, it can sometimes be difficult to make their voice heard and their wishes considered. Many of these simply represent the lower end of the normal distribution of intelligence. Essentially, you should show respect to the individuals that you communicate with by being open and honest, speaking to them as an adult and conveying your message in a way that they can process and understand. Examples of social inclusion for people with learning disabilities could include lack of finances, lack of suitable transport, lack of proper support or institutionalisation. A learning disability is a broad term that encompasses many different conditions such as Down’s Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome and can be classed as mild, moderate or severe. Individuals with learning disabilities often require far more support than those that don’t and may never be fully independent. This was also the view of the majority of families of individuals with learning disabilities and the professionals that supported them. Be able to support individuals to make decisions about risks 5. You may also want to ask them to repeat it back to you in their own words. Registered charities with an annual income over £10,000 must provide annual information to the Commission. It usually results from positive action taken to change the circumstances and habits that lead, or have led, to social exclusion. First an foremost, health professionals should display a modern and positive attitude towards people with learning disabilities in their day-to-day practice. An individual may use one or more of them at different times in their lives depending on their personal needs and circumstances. This trend increased further after the introduction of the Care Act 2014. Healthcare for people with learning disabilities was provided by the doctors and nurses of the institutions that they were forced to live in during the 19th and early to mid 20th centuries. 1.1 Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities, 1.2 Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day to day experiences of individuals with learning disabilities and their families, 2.1 Explain what is meant by ‘learning disability’, 2.2 Give examples of causes of learning disabilities, 2.3 Describe the medical and social models of disability, 2.4 State the approximate proportion of individuals with a learning disability for whom the cause is ‘not known’, 2.5 Describe the possible impact on a family of having a member with a learning disability, 3.1 Explain the types of services that have been provided for individuals with learning disabilities over time, 3.2 Describe how past ways of working may affect present services, 3.3 Identify some of the key changes in the following areas of the lives of individuals who have learning disabilities: a) where people live b) daytime activities c) employment d) sexual relationships and parenthood e) the provision of healthcare, 4.1 Explain the meaning of the term ‘social inclusion’, 4.2 Explain the meaning of the term ‘advocacy’, 4.4 Describe ways to build empowerment and active participation into everyday support with individuals with learning disabilities, 5.1 Explain how attitudes are changing in relation to individuals with learning disabilities, 5.2 Give examples of positive and negative aspects of being labelled as having a learning disability, 5.3 Describe steps that can be taken to promote positive attitudes towards individuals with learning disabilities and their family carers, 5.4 Explain the roles of external agencies and others in changing attitudes, policy and practice, 6.1 Identify ways of adapting each of the following when communicating with individuals who have learning disabilities a) verbal communication b) non-verbal communication, 6.2 Explain why it is important to use language that is both ‘age appropriate’ and ‘ability appropriate’ when communicating with individuals with learning disabilities. Failure to do so can leave services antiquated and put the most vulnerable people in our society at risk. The 21st century has seen a shift in attitudes towards people with learning disabilities as these individuals are now much better integrated into society. Some countries such as Sweden practiced compulsory sterilisation. The Equality Act 2010 has made it unlawful for people with disabilities to be harassed or discriminated against because of their disabilities. Providing person-centred active support is as easy as standing behind your client when they pay for items to make them feel at ease and in control. Sometimes a professional such as a healthcare or social worker may need to act as an advocate for an individual. Learning outcome 1: Understand approaches that enable individuals with dementia to experience wellbeing Individual • Someone requiring care or support; it will usually mean the person or people supported by the learner. The National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 gave individuals with learning disabilities more control over where they lived by introducing Direct Payments. These are the primary laws that directly relate to the freedoms and rights of individuals, however there is additional legislation that indirectly affects this including: Policies that promote human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities: When compared to the time before the legislation and policies listed above were introduced, we can surmise that the daily experiences of individuals with learning disabilities and their families have been positively and significantly influenced. Instead of just making a list of the meals that they like, you should sit down with them and jointly fill in a menu planner. It was still common practice to force patients to take medication. Variations in social inclusionR. Helping them to challenge decisions that are made about them by others. These are appointed by the local authority when individual is unable to make their own decisions and they have no family or friends that can support them. Assignment Help >> Other Subject Support Individuals to be Part of a CommunityLearning outcomes1 Understand how communities can support social Learning disabilities affect intellect and should not be confused with learning difficulties (such as dyslexia), which do not affect intellect. This was followed by the Mental Capacity Act 2005, which supported individuals with learning disabilities to engages in consensual sexual intercourse. This has helped to remove the common presumption that people with learning disabilities are unable to make decisions for themselves, thereby giving them more freedom and control in their life. Understand the importance of risk taking in everyday life 2. We should be aware of non-verbal methods that people use to communicate and adapt ourselves accordingly. However, you should still observe the individual that you are communicating for facial expressions, body language etc. The bio-psychosocial model is useful to understand the support that spinal cord injured young people, their families and schools may need to ensure to full inclusion in mainstream education. However, many of these services were not tailored to individual needs and kept individuals with learning disabilities segregated from the wider community. Topics include the history of individuals with learning disabilities in society, legislation, advocacy, social inclusion, active participation and communication. Environment – as much as possible, ensure that you are communicating in a comfortable setting. Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. Person-centred active support is a way of ensuring people living with a disability become involved in social communication whenever the opportunity arises. • Enabling choice and social relationships . And the right to marry and start a family means that people with learning disabilities are no longer regarded as not having the capacity to have intimate relationships and have children. Many children with learning disabilities now attend mainstream schools, which will result in future generations having a better understanding of the differences between individuals. balance citizens’ rights and responsibilities. The latter half of the 20th century saw more people moving from institutions to local communities and some individuals did have sexual relationships and have children, however the view of the general public was still one of concern. Maintaining contact with family and friends, participating in cultural and community activities and using skills all contribute to social inclusion. It is about enabling people or communities to fully participate in society. This is especially true in education where children with learning disabilities are much more likely to attend mainstream schools. This is normal and should not be avoided. Social inclusion is one of five key outcomes we work towards with our clients. It was built around routine and amongst the daily chores and medical care, residents were given very little stimulation or activities. Six ways to support diversity and inclusion in the workplace 1. And there may be an associated financial burden to ensure that the individual receives the care that they need. In the 1930s there was a campaign for voluntary sterilisation for people with learning disabilities, which was also a recommendation of the the Brock Report. Understand how to support individuals during the last days of life: 3: 3: ... 1.3 Explain how practices that support equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination ... Assess the individual in a health and social care setting Skills for Care and Skills for Health are charities that promote best practice and workforce and workforce development in health and social care. The Care Act put the onus on local authorities to assess anyone who seems like they may require care an support in a person-centred way. Amongst many other studies of the time, the Jay Report suggested they should integrate into local communities based on the idea of normalisation. A Paid Relevant Person’s Representative (PRPR) is an example of a statutory advocate. 1959 saw the introduction of the Mental Health Act, which made living in a ‘hospital’ voluntary unless individuals were classed a danger to others and that community care should be espoused. Legislation has also impacted the promotion of positive attitudes towards people with learning disabilities by establishing the lawful baseline of what is expected from society. However the social model of disability would say that the barrier is society. Increased exposure and communication between different groups of people can create more tolerance, empathy and understanding. It advocates that both the medical and social models are appropriate, but neither is sufficient on its own to explain the complex nature of one’s health. social inclusion . This is when a family member or close friend helps an individual to make a decision or makes a decision on their behalf. Each individual you support has the right to say no, the right to have a relationship, the right to have a say about how they are supported. The Human Rights Act set out the basic rights that everybody can expect, the Equality Act made it illegal to discriminate against minority groups and the Care Act gave individuals more choice in their care packages leading to increased independence. Life in early institutions was often harsh and very difficult. Struggling financially to make ends meet and having limited options for improving your financial situation; Feeling socially isolated or lonely, having few friends and limited opportunities to meet new people or  make new relationships; Having limited access to community resources such as health, educational and recreational services; Having no 'voice' and influence over decisions that affect your life. They make sure you’re heard and are called advocates. By the time you have completed this unit, you will have a good understanding of the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals … This does not mean that they are unable to communicate but that they communicate in a different way. The Human Rights Act 1998 sets out the fundamental rights and liberties that all residents of the UK are entitled to. This service is usually paid for by the individual. In the 60s and 70s, more individuals with learning disabilities began to transition from life in institutions to local communities. Explain the benefits of social inclusion for: >Individuals – >Communities – 3. Despite this, populations of hospitals continued to rise as many individuals were not aware of their choice or had been institutionalised and did not want to move. This can even include some workers in the health and social care industry – for instance, a nurse who left work to start a family in the 1990s, then returned in 2019 would have antiquated views of how to care for people with learning disabilities. Furthermore, there was no distinction made between people with learning disabilities, people with mental health conditions and criminals, all being viewed as a drain on society and forced to live together. Empowerment and active participation can be achieved by getting to know the people that you work with and understanding their likes, dislikes, hopes, dreams, needs and capabilities. The medical model of disability views an individual’s disability as the cause of their impairment or lack of independence. This began the integration of individuals with learning disabilities into local communities and the start of day centres, hostels and community residential care. This includes social and economic wellbeing, participation in work, education, training and recreation and the individual’s contribution to society. I think I understand you…blah blah blah…is that correct. There are several different types of advocacy available for people with learning disabilities. 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